Pacific Seed Bank Marijuana Seed Blog

The Role of Terpenes in Cannabis

When most people think about their favorite cannabis strains, they may consider things like sativa-to-indica ratio, THC levels, and the effects themselves as key reasons for the strain’s appeal. And, they usually are. Chances are you like something about the way your chosen strain makes you feel, whether it evokes deep relaxation or brain-glowing creativity. It may also bring back memories of smoking on the garage roof when you were in high school—or because it tastes nothing like the skunky crap you tried back then. But what some people may not know is how large a role terpenes play in determining your top cannabis picks. From fruity to sweet, pungent to cheesy—and everything in between—these molecules quietly work behind the scenes to provide every strain with its unique flavor and aroma.

Flavorful and Terpene-Rich Marijuana Strains

What are Terpenes?

Terpenes are the molecules that provide all plants—from flowers to trees to fruit—with their signature scents. This includes, of course, the cannabis plant!

Each time you light up a joint or crunch on a cookie, know that terpenes are what create the token flavor and scent. We receive an immediate aromatherapy kick from terpenes because they disperse easily in the air and vaporize quickly when you burn or otherwise heat your weed. Over 20,000 different kinds of terpenes exist in the world, with 100 to 200 in cannabis alone. They’re also the most populous phytochemicals in marijuana, yet in comparison to cannabinoids like THC and CBD, they’re not especially well known.

The Effects of Terpenes

As intrigue grows around the potential benefits of the cannabis plant in general, some scientific research has shifted its attention to terpenes, specifically. Some studies suggest these molecules may provide potential therapeutic benefits, and in the presence of cannabinoids, complement and enhance the effects of THC and CBD.

According to an article on Weedmaps, “the flavor of terpenes is maximized by whole-flower vaporization, which gives the brain a chance to interpret the marijuana flavor without overwhelming it with the taste of smoke.” Yet another win for vaping over smoking (a fraught debate)! Like cannabinoids, terpenes interact with our bodies in specific ways. 

How Do Terpenes Work?

Now that we’ve covered the role terpenes play, you may be wondering how they actually work. There are various theories as to why these molecules are such potential powerhouses.

When it comes to cannabis specifically, some studies suggest terpenes may enhance the potential therapeutic benefits associated with cannabinoids like THC and CBD. You may have heard that CBD and THC are extra beneficial when consumed together, rather than parsed out into distinct concentrates. The same logic may hold true for terpenes. When combined with cannabinoids, studies suggest that the respective benefits of cannabinoids and terpenes alike may be enhanced—a process known as the “entourage effect.”

The Shifting Focus Towards Terpenes

While studies of phytochemicals once focused more on the isolated effects of cannabinoids—THC in particular— some attention does appear to be shifting towards the “entourage” or “ensemble effects of which whole-flower marijuana is capable. We now know enough to see the potential. Some research suggests that terpenes themselves may provide certain therapeutic benefits. Cannabis testing sites are also beginning to include terpene percentages alongside THC and CBD.

Below are a few specifics on the most-studied terpenes in cannabis.

Limonene

Limonene is prominent in the rinds of fruit, as well as juniper and peppermint. Also a high vape-point strain, you probably won’t be surprised to learn this terpene can improve mood and relieve stress, much like the citrusy fruit its smell evokes.

Limonene-Rich Strains

Linalool 

Linalool is known for contributing to the floral, slightly spicy aroma and flavor present in various strains of cannabis. Many associate this terpene with lavender, coriander, and a hint of mint. As scientific research continues, certain anecdotal reports suggest linalool may help promote a sense of peace and relaxation.

Linalool-Containing Strains

Myrcene

Featuring the spicy, musky undertones found in mangoes, thyme, and hops, myrcene may also deliver a chill, indica-esque couch-lock effect that is thought by some to promote relaxation. It also has a high vape point: myrcene goes aerial at about 330° Fahrenheit or 165° Celsius and can be found in strains like White Widow and Jack Herer. How’s that for a delicious marijuana flavor?

Strains High in Myrcene

Caryophyllene

In addition to cannabis, caryophyllene is also found in black pepper, cinnamons, and cloves. As such, it’s a strong draw for marijuana fans who appreciate complex and spicy flavors. As with other terpenes, caryophyllene continues to draw attention from the scientific community and has been studied for its potential to mitigate aches and pains.

Caryophyllene-Rich Strains

Terpinolene

This terpene is believed by some to promote stress relief and provide a general uptick in mood. Most famously, though, it’s known for its similarity in fragrance to a bouquet of flowers. Most describe this terpene as floral and herbal, with a hint of pine. Flavor-wise, it contributes to the sweeter taste of many cannabis strains such as The White and Golden Goat. 

Terpinolene-Containing Strains

Geraniol

This aptly named terpene is frequently described as geranium-like in fragrance. Present in cinnamon, lemongrass, and geraniums themselves, it’s also known for its nuanced blend of lavender-esque and citrus notes. If this sounds like your cup of tea, you may enjoy geraniol-containing strains such as Jillybean and Lemon Haze.

Strains High in Geraniol

Humulene

Present in basil, sage, and other herbs, this terpene is responsible for the signature earthy, hops-like flavor of many strains. Woody, herbal, and with a peppery kick to boot, it has also been studied for its potential stress-relieving properties.

Humulene-Rich Strains

Pinene

The two main types of pinene are alpha-pinene (α-pinene) and beta-pinene (β-pinene). The former has a classically pine-like aroma, while the latter leans earthier and slightly peppery. In addition to strains like AK-47, Blue Dream, and ACDC, you’ll find this terpene in pine needles, rosemary, and dill. 

If you’ve ever inhaled deeply in an evergreen forest, you might not be surprised to learn that α-pinene is useful for sharpening focus. It also has a fairly high vaporization temperature of about 311°F.

Pinene-Containing Strains

Ocimene 

If you have a bit of knowledge about terpenes, you may not have come across this one before. Sweet, herbal, and woodsy, ocimene is one of the underlying scent-makers in plants like mint, parsley, pepper, and orchids. It may also have certain therapeutic benefits, including antiseptic and antibacterial properties. It’s also a decongestant! Sample the properties of ocimene, which vaporizes at a low 122°F, in White Fire OG and Chocolope.

Ocimene-Rich Strains

Keep Terpenes in Mind When Selecting Cannabis Seeds

Now that you’ve taken a peek into the world of terpenes, this info can assist you in selecting your ideal strain. If you’re planning to grow cannabis plants from the comfort of your home, we suggest weighing a strain’s unique terpene profile. In addition to THC levels, indica-to-sativa ratios, and growing properties such as flowering time and plant size, a strain’s terpene profile is a key factor in identifying the very best seeds to suit your particular preferences and needs. 

From brighter, sweeter, strains to pungent and skunky fan faves, our library has a wide selection of terpene-rich strains to explore. Dive in and take a look. Enticing fragrances and tastes await!